Perturbations of nucleotide metabolites, such as orotic acid, uridine 5'-monophosphate, uric acid, adenosine monophosphate, uridine, and uracil, were observed in the present study in the HS groups.
The data obtained from the metabolomics analyses of livers from dairy cows exposed to HS were highly consistent with potential biomarkers (e.g., glucose, lactate, pyruvate, acetoacetate, BHBA, fumaric acid, citric acid, choline, glycine, proline, isoleucine, leucine, urea, creatinine, and orotic acid) identified in analyses of candidate biomarkers in plasma or milk in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows.
For 2-deoxyinosine, adenosine, 2-deoxyadenosine, guanosine, 2-deoxyguanosine, succinyladenosine,
orotic acid, thymine, dihydrouracil, dihydrothymine, uridine, 2-deoxyuridine, and 5-hydroxymethyluracil, sample concentrations were below the lower limits of quantification, as were the concentrations of inosine and N-carbamyl-[beta]-aminoisobutyric acid for children older than 1 year and N-carbamyl-[beta]-alanine for children older than 4 years of age.
Rapid determination of orotic acid in urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
Determination of urinary orotic acid and uracil by capillary zone electrophoresis.
Automated determination of
orotic acid, uracil and pseudouridine in urine by highperformance liquid chromatography with column switching.
Parent Daughter Cone Collision ion, ion, voltage, energy, Compound Mr m/z m/z V eV Uracil 112.1 111 42 20 10 Thymine 126.1 125 42 20 10 Adenine 135.1 134 107 25 10 Hypoxanthine 136.1 135 92 25 10 5-OH-Me-ura 142.1 141 42 25 12 Xanthine 152.1 151 108 25 10
Orotic acid 156.1 155 111 20 10 Thymidine 242.2 287 241 8 10 Uridine 244.2 289 243 8 10 Pseudouridine 244.2 289 243 8 10 Deoxyadenosine 251.2 296 45 8 10 Deoxyinosine 252.2 297 251 8 10 Deoxyguanosine 267.2 312 266 8 10 Adenosine 267.2 312 266 8 10 Inosine 268.2 313 267 8 10 Guanosine 283.2 328 282 8 10 Succinyladenosine 383.3 382 134 8 25 Table 2.
[5] Nonstandard abbreviations: CD, cyclodextrin; AMP, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; UV, ultraviolet; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; BGE, background electrolyte; OA,
orotic acid; SAICAR, succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside; SAR, succinyladenosine; DHA, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine; CE, capillary electrophoresis; UA, uric acid; HX, hypoxanthine; and X, xanthine.
These defects can be diagnosed on basis of the increased concentrations of orotic acid in urine.
The enzyme converts orotic acid and 5-phospho-[alpha]-D-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate into orotidine 5-phosphate.
improved the extraction of polar compounds such as citric, hydroxybutyric, and
orotic acids from urine by using tetrahydrofuran (THF) [27].