Parapatry can be separated into hybridization
parapatry, where the contacting taxa form a narrow hybrid zone, and ecological
parapatry, where no hybridization occurs (Key, 1982).
Parapatry occurred under several conditions, including when both species were identical in dispersal, intrinsic rate of growth, and competition but differed in their spatial performances.
Taxonomic intraspecific
parapatry is exemplified in the widespread lizard species Sceloporus undulatus (Bosc & Daudin) in both primary (in situ) and secondary (circular range approximation) contexts (Figure 1).
They should be at least sister taxa, lack complete reproductive isolation, and occur in sympatry or
parapatry (i.
There is often geneflow among nascent species, both in sympatry and in
parapatry.
Hybrids are usually encountered in intermediate environments, living in allopatry or
parapatry with the parental species.
meahllmorum is of possible sympatry in some areas (especially in Missouri, and possibly in Oklahoma),
parapatry in others, and probable intergradation in others.
Regional
parapatry of the congeneric cyprinids Lythrurus snelsoni and L.
Under the parallel evolution model, divergence could have occurred in allopatry, much as in the dispersalist model, or in
parapatry.
Reinforcement, through selection acting against maladaptive hybrids, might conceivably operate in
parapatry (Endler 1977; Bull and Possingham 1995), along an environmental cline (Lande 1982), or in a heterogeneous environment (Butlin 1989; Liou and Price 1994).
Allopatry and
parapatry, extinction and gene flow in mimetic butterflies.
1990, Barton 1992), that it depends on undocumented differences in productivity, and that fixation by a peak shift in a deme is an effectively allopatric process (since it requires low gene flow into the deme; note that allopatry and
parapatry are a continuum, measured by the migration parameter).
