Pyrgeometer


Also found in: Dictionary, Wikipedia.
Related to Pyrgeometer: nephoscope

pyrgeometer

[¦pīr·jē′äm·əd·ər]
(engineering)
An instrument for measuring radiation from the surface of the earth into space.

Pyrgeometer

 

an instrument for measuring the effective radiation of the earth’s surface, that is, the difference between the self-radiation of the earth’s surface and the atmospheric back radiation. During measurement of the effective radiation, the detecting surface of the pyrgeometer (see Figure 1) is turned alternately to the sky and the earth. The difference between the quantities obtained corresponds to the effective terrestrial radiation.

Figure 1. Detecting unit of a Savinov-lanishevskii pyrgeometer (external view)

The thermoelectric pyrgeometer of S. I. Savinov, as improved by lu. D. Ianishevskii, is used in the USSR. The detector consists of alternate coarse black strips and shiny nickel-plated strips. Because of the difference in the strips’ emissivity and absorptivity, a temperature difference is created. The thermoelectric current that arises is measured with a galvanometer. The instrument is calibrated in absolute values (caJories/cm2-min) by comparison with the readings of an Angstrom compensation pyrheliometer or by reference to black body radiation. V. A. Mikhel’son built an absolute compensation pyrgeometer with strips facing in opposite directions that permits a direct determination of the effective radiation of the earth’s surface.

REFERENCE

Averkiev, M. S. Meteorologiia, vol. 1. Moscow, 1951.
Ianishevskii, Iu. D. Aktinometricheskie pribory i metody nabliudenii. Leningrad, 1957.

T. V. EVNEVICH

Mentioned in ?
References in periodicals archive ?
Similar pyrgeometer measurements were made from the tethered balloon (Fig.
16a and 16c), measured by aircraft pyrgeometers near the sea ice edge, and derived heating rates (Figs.
THE ARCTIC CLOUD PUZZLE: Using ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification
Parameters Instrument Manufacturer (mentor) Broadband SW Pyranometer Kipp & Zonen, radiative flux, modified CM22 (NRL upwelling and BBR suite) downwelling Broadband LW Pyrgeometer Kipp & Zonen, radiative flux, modified CG4 (NRL upwelling and BBR) downwelling Global, direct, and Sunshine pyranometer Delta-T Devices SPN- diffuse SW radiative I (NRL BBR) flux, downwelling Spectral SW radiance, 4STAR (NASA Ames Research downwelling Center) Spectral SW SSFR (University of irradiance, upwelling Colorado Boulder) and downwelling Cloud and surface Pyrometer Heitronics KT-19.85 temperature, up- and series II (NSERC and downlooking NRL) Surface topography, LVIS (NASA GSFC) vertical extent and structure IWC, LWC WCM-2000 SEA, Inc.
Arctic radiation-icebridge sea and ice experiment: the arctic radiant energy system during the critical seasonal ice transition
The 95% response time for the pyranometers and pyrgeometers is about 18 seconds.
Lighting heat gain parameters: experimental method (RP-1282)
At the Intercomparison, pyranometers, pyrgeometers, UVB radiometers, shadowband radiometers and a total sky imager (TSI) were located on the platform.
The 1997 North American interagency Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Spectroradiometers including narrowband filter radiometers
The meteorological towers carried a total of 195 three-component sonic anemometers, 55 temperature-humidity sensors, 22 barometers, 8 microbarometers, 14 radiometers, 17 C[O.sub.2]/[H.sub.2]O gas analyzers, 13 wetness sensors, 16 heat/moisture flux sensors, 5 thermohygrometers, and 3 pyrgeometers. The instruments were mounted at heights 2,10,20,30,40,60,80, and 100 m above ground level (AGL), depending on instrument availability and science needs.
THE PERDIGAO: Peering into Microscale Details of Mountain Winds
This means that in this position, the two pyranometers and two pyrgeometers measured [K.sub.i] and [L.sub.i] separately from the upper and lower hemisphere (Ku, [K.sub.d], [L.sub.u], [L.sub.d]).
The Impact of Facade Orientation and Woody Vegetation on Summertime Heat Stress Patterns in a Central European Square: Comparison of Radiation Measurements and Simulations
On the other hand, the pyrgeometers used for longwave radiation measure radiant heat fluxes in the far infrared spectrum (5-50 [micro]m).
Lighting heat gain parameters: experimental results (RP-1282)
At these sites, the longwave and shortwave radiation fluxes were measured by pyrgeometers (CG3 radiometers with spectral range 5-50 [micro]m, by Kipp and Zonen) and pyranometers (CM3 radiometers, by Kipp and Zonen), respectively.
Predicting downward longwave radiation for various land use in all-sky condition: Northeast Florida
Unfortunately, the longwave (LW) pyrgeometers deployed were too slow for UAS applications (18 s, 95%), demonstrating a need for the development of faster-response LW instrumentation.
A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW: Development of an Operational ARM Unmanned Aerial Capability for Atmospheric Research in Arctic Alaska
Pyranometers, measuring in- and outgoing shortwave radiation and diffuse radiation, and pyrgeometers, measuring ingoing and outgoing longwave radiation, were mounted on a sawhorse-type structure (Fig.
The METCRAX II field experiment: a study of downslope windstorm-type flows in Arizona's meteor crater
Germany (Mar Doppler radar spectrum at low power (50 2012) 24.1 GHz mW), sensitivity >-5 dBZ at 300-m range Parsivel Optical Attenuation Time and degree disdrometer by disdrometer of a diode- of attenuation gives OTT, Germany maintained information on fall (Apr 2013) "light sheet" velocity and size of during passage particle of a falling particle Shortwave Pyranometer, See Pyranometer: high and longwave pyrheliometer, atmospheric quality, secondary radiation and variables standards, sun sensors by pyrgeometers tracker blocks Kipp and direct sunlight Zonen, Netherlands Oan 2011) Sun photometer Multichannel Spectral AERONET by CIMEL radiometer radiance at instrument.
JOYCE: Julich Observatory for Cloud Evolution: a state-of-the-art array of scanning remote sensing and in situ instruments aims to provide insight into the transition of water vapor to clouds and clouds to precipitation under the influence of different forcing conditions

Encyclopedia browser ?
Full browser ?