Isolates and cloned sequences of the superstratum compost
The 78 sequences derived from the superstratum compost were classified into 48 OTUs with at least 97% similarity.
The bacterial communities in the superstratum layer displayed higher relative abundance and diversity than the bacterial communities in the middle-level and substrate layers (Figures 1, 2, and 3).
The basic idea is that, while relexification of various substratum lexicons on the basis of a single superstratum language provides the speakers of an early creole community with a common vocabulary, it is the major cause of variation in an incipient creole.
In the representation in (1), relabelling proceeds on the basis of phonetic strings found in the superstratum language.
In Lefebvre and Lumsden (1994a), it is proposed that the functional-category lexical entries of the copied lexicon are relabelled on the basis of major-category lexical items of the superstratum language and that the distributional properties of the superstratum form must be similar to those of the copied lexical entry.
In Lefebvre and Lumsden (1989a, 1994a, 1994b; see also Lefebvre 1998: 10, 30-41), it is claimed that, in creole genesis, the process of relexification is used by speakers of the substratum languages as a tool for acquiring a second language, the superstratum language.
Relexification of several lexicons on the basis of a single superstratum language provides the early creole community with a common vocabulary.
In the scenario of creole genesis presented in Lumsden and Lefebvre (1994c), relexification applies when the speakers of the substratum languages are targeting the superstratum language.
This lingua franca was needed to permit communication not only between the speakers of the substratum languages and those of the superstratum language, but also between the speakers of the substratum languages themselves (see e.g.
So, the variety of French the creators of Haitian creole were exposed to provided the superstratum material on which Haitian creole was formed.