They found that while levels of microcystin in the studied northern bodies of water, Maumee Bay in Lake Erie and the Bay of Quinte in Ontario, Canada, sometimes exceeded the World Health Organization's
Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) level for chronic exposure to microcystin, "these values were based on samples collected in the summer and early fall, a time period which is likely to capture the highest microcystin concentrations experienced throughout the year" because levels drop in the colder, northern winters.
The estimated dietary exposure to PCBs, calculated from the amount of residues reported in milk powder, milk consumption per day, and children's weight, was compared to the
Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) adopted by countries such as Belgium and Norway.
The non-carcinogenic risks due to trace metals through the consumption of Baladi chicken by the local inhabitants is expressed as HQ (Hazard Quotient), which is the ratio of EDI (estimated in this study) of a pollutant with the reference oral dose (RfD), which is an estimated amount of
tolerable daily intake of the contaminants by the humans during a life time.
Moreover, the estimated daily ingestion calculated also did not exceed the reference value of
tolerable daily intake proposed by WHO (Table 4) [29].
The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of lead set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives is 25 [micro]g/kgbw/week, and hence its
tolerable daily intake (TDI) value is 3.6 [micro]g/kg bw/day [20].
The EFSA has recently reduced the
tolerable daily intake (TDI) of nickel from 8 [micro]g/day to 2.8 [micro]g/day [24].
(3) That's much lower, the authors point out, than the World Health Organization provisional
tolerable daily intake value for inorganic arsenic of 3 [micro]g/day/kg body weight.
(36)S You wouldn't have to worry about surpassing the
tolerable daily intake (TDI) for boron until you managed to consume about 68 apples during a single day!
Daily intake of heavy metals were calculated for adults and children based on average daily consumption of vegetables in order to study their potential detrimental effects and compared with permissible
tolerable daily intake of metals (818 mg d-1 for iron, 3 mg d-1 for copper, 60 g d-1 for cadmium and 214 g d-1 for lead) [10] and reference daily intake of metals that were 8-18 mg d-1 for iron, 0.900 mg d-1 for copper, 0.00 mg d-1 for cadmium and 0.00 mg d-1 for lead as ex cessive ingestion from these values, toxic and harmful effects were observed [9, 19].
An important aspect of assessing risk to human health from potentially toxic metals is the knowledge of the dietary intake of the metals (DIM), which must remain within the established safety margin as in the Provisional
Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) by FAO/WHO, 2001 [5, 10], the Global Estimated Daily Intake (GEDI) [5] and the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) by the Food and Nutrition Board, 2004 [17] in Table 3.The dietary intake of zinc, lead and chromium in farm and market fruit was found to be lower than the PTDI values; zinc, nickel, lead and chromium lower than RDA values; and nickel, lead and chromium lower than those reported in Libya [13].