Arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-[beta]-D-glucopyranoside) is a phenolic glucoside that is found mainly in the Ericaceae and Saxifragaceae families.
Similarly, biologists have found that
arbutin found in blueberries and cranberries are especially effective as a diuretic as well as a source of antibiotic (Landon 1993).
Key ingredients include
arbutin, a natural skin brightener proven to condition skin and promote an even skin tone; hexylresorcinol, which helps correct the appearance of hyperpigmentation and brighten skin in combination with topical exfoliants; and hexanoyl dipeptide-3, an exfoliating peptide that helps to shed damaged and pigmented skin.
PRP sessions were injected at monthly interval for two sessions in combination with monthly Q-switched Nd-YAG laser and topical alpha
arbutin application.15
Lamiaceae species are known to contain a range of secondary metabolites, such as
arbutin [22], tannins, flavonoids, sitosterol, phenolic glycosides, phenolic terpenoids [23], and numerous essential oil molecules [24].
To date,
arbutin and kojic acid are the most commonly used tyrosinase inhibitors, which often serve as positive control drugs [5, 6].
Many natural and synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors have been reported such as ascorbic acid,
arbutin, kojic acid, aromatic alcohols, azelaic acids, and aldehydes and polyphenol compounds such as resveratrol in recent years [41].