It has been shown that the bipyridine and biquinoline when attached as auxiliary ligands work to strengthen and planarise the polypyridyl ligand, hence restricting torsional effects facilitating
pi electron delocalisation.
The benzene molecule is of particular interest because of its ubiquitous nature in all biological system and its quantum properties due to its delocalized
pi electrons (Wyatt, 1992).
The exceptional electrical properties of the CNT result from the structure of its carbon lattice and from the quantum confinement of the
pi electrons around the hollow cylinder.
Wang's spectroscopy and Boldyrev's calculations revealed the product's unusual stability, as well as the presence of two so-called
pi electrons, which are hallmarks of aromaticity.
However, relatively few studies have demonstrated the ability of natural bio-molecules to exhibit phase conjugation behavior despite the fact that the benzene molecule exhibits quantum properties due to its delocalized
pi electrons (Wyatt, 1992) .