a dried vegetable product containing piquant and aromatic substances and used as seasonings to improve the flavor, digestibility, and assimilation of food. Spices usually contain essential oils, glycosides, and tannins. They are used by the food-processing industry (in canning and in the production of confections, baked goods, and liqueurs and spirits). Spices are also used in medicine and perfumes. The most valuable spices are obtained from tropical plants. Spices are available in many forms: seeds (nutmeg, mustard), fruits (pepper, vanilla, anise), flowers or flower parts (capers, cloves), leaves (laurel), bark (cinnamon), or roots (ginger).