legendary epic poet of ancient Greece. In ancient sources the historical persona of a blind, wandering singer is intertwined with fantasies, which testifies to the lack of reliable information concerning Homer as an individual. According to ancient tradition, “seven cities” (Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Salamis, Rhodes, Argos, and Athens) competed for the honor of being called Homer’s birthplace. Homer lived sometime between the 12th and the seventh centuries B.C., according to various determinations. The name Homer itself was frequently interpreted in antiquity and in modern times as the common noun for “hostage” or “blind man.”
Homer was considered to be the author of a large part of the repertory of the performers of epics (rhapsodists). Later, classical criticism singled out two epic poems as his allegedly original works, the Iliad and the Odyssey, and also some smaller works (the “Homeric Hymns,” the comic narrative poem Margites, and others). The entire complex of problems connected with the traditions on Homer and the origin of the works attributed to him constitutes the so-called Homeric question, which still lacks a definitive solution.
I. M. TRONSKII