The CatSper calcium channel in human sperm: Relation with motility and involvement in progesterone-induced
acrosome reaction.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95 kDa protein and induction of the
acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa by recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein 3.
The most likely reason of higher
acrosome integrity rate might be due to the antioxidant property of vitamin E that maintains sperm acrosomal integrity by reducing the excessive ROS produced during the cryopreservation process (Hashem et al.
Interstingly, ROS induces capacitation and
acrosome reaction of sperm [108,109] but excessive ROS is detrimental to sperm motility [110] due to hydroxyl radical formation which causes oxidation of sperm membrane lipids and thiol proteins [111].
Studies on human spermatozoal
acrosome using spermac stain in fertile and infertile men including two cases of round-headed spermatozoa.
The
acrosome is an acidified organelle that can be specifically stained by LysoTracker probes, which spontaneously enter
acrosome.
Breitbart, "Role of hydrogen peroxide in sperm capacitation and
acrosome reaction," Biology of Reproduction, vol.
Most sperm function tests analyze parts of the capacitation process, such as hyperactivation, sperm-zona binding, and
acrosome reaction [7].
sup][22],[23] Round-headed sperm cannot fertilize mature oocytes because of the absence of
acrosome and acrosomal enzymes.
During spermiogenesis, mature round spermatids transform into spermatozoa, which, in mammals, sequentially includes formation of the
acrosome from the Golgi apparatus, elongation of the spermatids, and condensation of the nucleus, which becomes transcriptionally arrested as histones are replaced by protamines (Weinbauer et al.
The
acrosome integrity was assessed by fixation with 2% glutaraldehyde in BTS, the number of sperm with normal apical ridge was recorded after counting 200 spermatozoa in a 400X magnification phase contrast microscope (GADEA et al.
Giemsa accumulates in spermatozoa with an intact
acrosome, staining the
acrosome region in purple.
