The removal efficiency is influenced by various factors, such as solution concentration, solution pH, ionic strength, and nature of
adsorbate, adsorbent modification procedure, physical properties (surface area, porosity) and the chemical nature of activated carbon [4].
Where Ce is the equilibrium concentration of the
adsorbate (mg/L), qe the amount of
adsorbate adsorbed per unit mass of
adsorbate (mg/g), Qo and KL are Langmuir constants related to adsorption capacity and rate of adsorption, respectively.
2) The Langmuir isotherm model is applicable to homogeneous adsorption where the adsorption of each
adsorbate molecule on to the surface has equal sorption activation energy.
This could be due to very slow
adsorbate diffusion and more time required reaching inner pores from the surface (Mohan et al.
The aim of the adsorption isotherms is to relate the
adsorbate concentration in the bulk to the adsorbed amount at the interface.
1]); Co is the initial concentration of solution; C is the concentration of
adsorbate at certain volume; [m.
Once the
adsorbate is attached on the site, no more adsorption takes place, showing that it is monolayer type of adsorption.
In the performed experiments, it was observed that the reduction in adsorbant concentration in relation to
adsorbate (treated at 60[degrees]C for 24 hours) caused a slight increase in adsorbed quantity.
Available adsorption results [20] reveal that the uptake of
adsorbate species is fast at the initial stages of the contact period, and thereafter it becomes slower near the equilibrium level.
2+], the
adsorbate molecules need a certain energy of activation to cross the potential barrier (Panday et al.
An examination of the geometry of the diffraction pattern yields information about the size and type of crystal lattice of the sample, as well as the presence, distribution and orientation of
adsorbates on the surface.
The
adsorbates last a long time because of low concentration of VOC in indoor air.
