Scientists believe the first amphibious animals emerged on land 350 million years ago and the first
amniotes emerged around 310 million years ago.
When the
amniote genes are mapped onto the expected phylogeny, the branch lengths for the mitochondrial genes are nearly equal and the branch lengths for nuclear genes are highly unequal [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 7 OMITTED].
(1994): The diversification of the
amniotes. In: D.
The developing muscle tissue that would lie along adult ribs in a standard
amniote began to fold underneath itself in the turtle.
The pallial amygdala of
amniote vertebrates: evolution of the concept, evolution of the structure.
The researchers' map also provides a significant step towards the elucidation of the crocodilian genome, forming a scaffold for genome sequence assembly, and will be of intrinsic value to comparative mapping efforts aimed at understanding the molecular evolution of reptilian, as well as other
amniote genomes.
"Casineria pulls back the origin of
amniote lineages much farther than was previously realized.
caprodes, transitions (TR) outweighed transversions (TV), a pattern similar to
amniote CR sequence (11 TR :3 TV versus 10 TR: 1 TV or greater for
amniote CR [Brown et al.
In most
amniote tetrapods, the lateral walls of the nasal cavity exhibit one or more conchal projections, which provide additional surface area for nasal epithelia (Matthes 1934; Parsons 1971; Romer and Parsons 1986).
These were the first
amniotes, the progenitors of all later reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals.
Cytogenetic analysis of metaphase chromosomes is performed on metaphase-stage fetal cells on
amniotes creating unique banding patterns on the chromosomes.