Our country is still the leader in the export of oil-bearing sunflower, rapeseed and
anode copper, where it accounts for between 10 and 12 percent of global exports.
Some specific topics include heat exchange within the working space of an electric nickel anode refining furnace, new casting methods for
anode copper, pyrometallurgical refining of copper in an anode furnace, and minor element control by vacuum calcination and recycling of copper smelter dust.
Anode copper is produced which is then refined into cathode under a tolling arrangement ahead of sale to other parties.
Exports of copper concentrates ceased in 1983 and current exports include around 30,000 t/y of
anode copper, 15,000 t of cathod copper, plus about 2,900 t/y of molybdenum concentrates.