Treatment with sand had the lowest value for both the number of carpogenic germinated sclerotia as well as the number of
apothecia formed (Figure 2).
The squamules can be convex, concave or convoluted, erect and elongated or flat and [+ or -] distinctly peltate, brown, olivaceous or blackish, matt, glossy or often covered by a bluish white pruina; the
apothecia remain completely immersed or are secondarily raised above the thallus surface and then surrounded by a thalline margin.
Apothecia immersed in the thallus or sessile, scattered, rarely in groups (2-3), (0.18-)0.2-0.6(-2.5) mm diam.; disc dark red, epruinose, thalline margin poorly developed, thin, entire, smooth to weakly crenulate.
Thallus yellow, lobed, continuous, but mostly around
apothecia, apothecial disk and margin yellow; spores 9-13 [micro]m x 5.5-7.0 [micro]m, isthmus 3.5-4.5 [micro]m Caloplaca subsoluta 4.
A pan-emperate corticolous lichen with small, black to sordid or mottled
apothecia.
Apothecia were obtained using the method described for the previous test, with the modification of using only five gerboxes.
Thallus thin, greenish to gray;
apothecia with algal cells, with a thalloid margin, the rim concolorous with the disk; spores ovoid, constricted at septum Amandinea dakotensis 1.
Description.--Fruiting bodies:
Apothecia, sessile or with a rudimentary stipe, 1-8 cm broad, cup-shaped; inner (upper or hymenial) surface bright scarlet, outer (lower) surface white and floccose with matted hairs; margin generally inrolled.
The similar
apothecia of both species can lead to confusion.
White mold infections in bean are typically initiated during flowering, coinciding with the closure of the plant canopy and the development of
apothecia from soil-borne sclerotial bodies (Boland and Hall, 1987).
adspersum has clavate asci, larger spores and usually much shorter and stouter
apothecia, which do not have a brown but a yellow pruina on the lower side (Table 1).
Favorable conditions for the formation of
apothecia, the corresponding onset of flowering for inoculation via ascospores, and appropriate temperatures following infection are critical components of the epidemiology of S.
