Effects of Exposure to High Temperature on the Female Adult under Arrhenotoky Conditions
Under arrhenotoky conditions, the longevity of adult females of the parental generation exposed to 41[degrees]C was shortened significantly from 34.65 days in the control to 17.67 days after a 36 h heat shock ([F.sub.(5,12)] = 117.34, P = 0.0001) (Fig.
At 25[degrees]C (control) and after an exposure to 41[degrees]C for 2 h, the longevity of adult females under arrhenotoky was significantly longer than that under sexual reproduction (control: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 25.3, P < 0.01; 2 h exposure: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 7.74, P < 0.05).
With an increasing duration of exposure to 41[degrees]C, the numbers of larvae in the first progeny generation declined significantly compared with the control (arrhenotoky: [F.sub.(5,12)] = 116.70, P = 0.0001; sexual reproduction: [F.sub.(5,12)] = 38.64, P = 0.0001).
At the control temperature of 25[degrees]C ([F.sub.(1,4)] = 292.42, P < 0.01) and after exposure to 41[degrees]C for up to 12 h, the quantity of first progeny generation larvae was significantly higher under arrhenotoky than under sexual reproduction (2 h: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 35.15, P < 0.01; 6 h: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 38.31, P < 0.01; 12' h: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 49.72, P < 0.01).
Under the arrhenotoky condition, the numbers of adults in the first progeny generation were reduced from 2,483 in the control to 929 in the 36 h treatment, and the difference between treatments and the control was highly significant ([F.sub.(5,12)] = 160.26, P = 0.0001).
At 25[degrees]C and after exposure to 41[degrees]C for up to 12 h, the quantity of first progeny generation adults under arrhenotoky was significantly higher than that under sexual reproduction (25 [degrees]C: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 163.6, P < 0.01; 2 h: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 22.73, P < 0.01; 6 h: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 33.94, P < 0.01; 12 h: [F.sub.(1,4)] = 40.92, P < 0.01).