However, the contribution of shear stress to coronary
arteriolar dilator responsiveness, and thus to the regulation of coronary blood flow appropriate to the metabolic demands of stress, is unclear.
The
arteriolar and perivascular changes of etat crible, associated with hypertension and perhaps other unknown factors, may cause chronic impairment of the oxygen and nutrients exchange, with subsequent demyelination and gliosis [42].
The Parr-Hubbard formula was used to standardize the
arteriolar and venular calibers of each eye, which were summarized as the central retinal
arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) or central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), respectively [15].
Before Tervaert classification, Fioretto classification has been used for a long time, which included tubular, interstitial, and vascular lesions and divided DN into 3 categories according to the pathological changes under light microscope: C1, normal/near normal; C2, typical diabetic nephropathy with predominantly glomerular changes; and C3, atypical patterns of injury, associated with disproportionately damage including tubulointerstitial or
arteriolar hyalinosis and with absent or only mild diabetic glomerular changes [23].
Nevertheless, her pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scanning [Figure 1]a and [Figure 1]b showed a defect in lower lobe of the left lung, which did not match the pulmonary ventilation imaging, led to the diagnosis of "pulmonary embolism." Her renal biopsy showed: 3/17 glomerular sclerosis, 7/17 coagulation necrosis, a portion of tubular epithelial necrosis, bare basement membrane formation, a large number of cellular pipe, particle of tube formation; a large number of lymph plasma cells and eosinophil granulocyte infiltration in interstitium,
arteriolar wall thickening, and hyaline degeneration.
The retinal changes (Hypertensive retinopathy) were graded according to Keith Wagener classification into: Grade I - mild generalized arterial attenuation, particularly of small branches; Grade II-more severe Grade I + focal
arteriolar attenuation; Grade III-Grade II + haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots; Grade IV-Grade III = optic disc swelling (Papilloedema).
The choroidal thickness and retinal
arteriolar and venular caliber values were similar in the perforated eyes and the fellow eyes.
Tracson et al in their histopathology report of uterus after tubal sterilization found myometrial vascular damage medial
arteriolar muscle loss with micro aneurysm formation and occasional rupture after surgical sterilization by tubal diathermy18.
This, in turn, triggers renal afferent
arteriolar vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow through the glomerulus and renal tubule.
These particles must be directed in antegrade fashion to the
arteriolar bed and care must be taken to avoid the reflux to the proximal arterial branches.10
Sudden increases in blood pressure may impair autoregulation and lead to
arteriolar vasodilatation with endothelial dysfunction.