[7] demonstrated that patients achieved better VA when using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, which has a
background luminance of 121.0 cd/[m.sup.2], than when using the standard Snellen chart, which has a
background luminance of 65.0 cd/[m.sup.2].
In the dark region, [alpha] = 0, indicating that the perceived contrast doesn't depend on the
background luminance and is a function only of the absolute luminance difference [DELTA]B.
Stimuli are presented upon a liquid crystal display screen, at a mesopic
background luminance of 1.27cd/[m.sup.2].
• RVR Measurement System based on forward-scatter meters equipped with
background luminance (ambient light) sensor.
As Weber's Law [36] says, the just noticeable difference in terms of luminance between two regions is approximately proportional to the
background luminance. The ringing map r(x, y) can be regarded as the luminance difference caused by ringing structures.
The notion that, in older adults, contrast sensitivity impairment increases with decreasing
background luminance and that the determinants of this phenomenon are partially neural is not new in the literature (10,26).
Target and
background luminance levels (Lt and [L.sub.b]) were measured by luminance meter.
As it was already mentioned that the size,
background luminance, and luminance contrast of the visual target determines its visibility, the age of the observer should be pointed out as well.
Weber contrast [C.sub.W] is ratio of task and
background luminance difference and
background luminance.
As the
background luminance [L.sub.b] is the same for both conditions, then this equation reduces to:
The latter is the estimated sensitivity of the pilot's eyes as derived from the measured
background luminance. When the background is dark, the eye is sensitive to sources of low intensity light, and vice versa.
In general the effect of glare will increase when the source luminance increases, the
background luminance decreases, and the angle between the line of sight and the direction of the light source decreases (see, e.g., Alferdinck, 1996; Alferdinck & Varkevisser, 1991).