(10.) Butzer and Freeman write that under normal conditions the Nile inundation reaches
bankfull stage in the southern Nile by mid-August and in the northern Nile (where the Israelites lived) 4-6 weeks later, which puts its highest level around the beginning of October.
When the water level is even with the banks, the river is at
bankfull stage. And when the water level exceeds the banks or overflows, the river is at a flood stage.
As before, earlier and later measurements of the cross-section and the upstream and downstream cross-sectional profiles were used for reference to determine the
bankfull stage [32].
The particle sized based estimate of Manning's roughness value (n = 0.023) at
bankfull stage was consistent with a roughness value derived from measured flow velocities at
bankfull stage (n = 0.022).
Bankfull stage corresponds to the discharge at which overbank flow is incipient.
Participants will learn about stream processes related to channel formation, field assessment, techniques to identify
bankfull stage, the Rosgen classification system for natural streams, channel evolution, and restoration options for impaired streams.