By 3000 BCE, they added red lead ([Pb.sub.3][O.sub.4]), malachite (basic copper carbonate), orpiment (arsenic trisulfide), charcoal, and red madder (from the root of the plant Rubia tinctorum).
PVPy-amended ammoniacal copper carbonate (ACC) solutions were prepared by adding 19.4 g of basic copper carbonate (Fisher Certified, Atlanta, Ga.) to 450 mL of ammonium hydroxide (14%) while stirring.