bone black

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bone black,

solid black material, largely carbon, produced by heating animal bones to high temperatures in the absence of air so as to drive off volatile substances. Finely divided bone black is useful as a pigment; bone char, a similar material, is an important source of activated charcoal for use in refining and decolorizing sugar.

bone black

[′bōn ‚blak]

(materials)

A black substance made by carbonizing crushed, defatted bones in closed vessels; used as a paint and varnish pigment, as a decolorizing absorbent in clarifying shellac, in cementation, and in gas masks. Also known as animal black; bone char.

animal black

A black pigment made by charring of animal bones; sometimes used in paints, although carbon black generally is preferred for tinting strength and blackness. Available in three grades: boneblack, drop black, and ivory black.

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Therefore, powdered commercial bone black pigments were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy in transmission and reflection mode.

The infrared spectrum profiles recorded from two blue areas (M_01 and M_08) and from a brown area of the musician's trousers (Figure 3) highlight the diagnostic signal of the bone black at the 2013 [cm.sup.-1] in both investigated colors.

However, it is important to emphasize that the bone black is still visible even in the presence of barium sulphate (Figure 4) used by the artist as white pigment.

In Figure 5, the infrared spectrum collected in the apse on a blue hue clearly display the characteristic CN stretching at 2094 [cm.sup.-1] of the Prussian blue [18] and the diagnostic signal of the bone black at the 2013 [cm.sup.-1] band.

In Figure 7, the bone black pigment and the hydroxyapatite transmission infrared spectra are compared.

The hydroxyapatite component is clearly underlined in the infrared spectra of bone black pigment commercial sample showing the characteristic phosphate group bands: the [v.sub.3] [(P[O.sub.4]).sub.3-] at 1087 and 1038 [cm.sup.-1], the ]1 [(P[O.sub.4]).sup.3-] at 875 and 962 [cm.sup.-1], the [v.sub.4] [(P[O.sub.4]).sup.3-] at 630, 604, and 567 [cm.sup.-1], and the [v.sub.2] [(P[O.sub.4]).sup.3-] at 469 [cm.sup.-1] (Figure 7(b)).

The Bone Black Pigment Identification by Noninvasive, In Situ Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy

Node A Beagle Bone Black based system that operates between Controller the node ECU and the backbone.

Towards a cyber assurance testbed for heavy vehicle electronic controls

We do not know, after reading Bone Black, her sisters' names or ages, her father's occupation, or what kind of grades she received in school.