calcium chloride


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calcium chloride

calcium chloride, CaCl2, chemical compound that is crystalline, lumpy, or flaky, is usually white, and is very soluble in water. The anhydrous compound is hygroscopic; it rapidly absorbs water and is used to dry gases by passing them through it. Calcium chloride is commercially available usually as the dihydrate, CaCl2·2H2O; it is used to melt ice on roads, to control dust, in brines for refrigeration, and as a preservative in foods. It is also used in the monohydrate and hexahydrate forms. Calcium chloride is a byproduct of the Solvay process (a major source of the compound) and is present in natural brines.
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The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Calcium Chloride

 

CaCl2, a salt; colorless crystals with a density of 2.51 g/cm3 and melting point of 772°C. Calcium chloride easily absorbs water vapor, subsequently deliquescing. Its solubility per 100 g H2O is 74 g at 20°C and 159 g at 100°C. Aqueous solutions of calcium chloride freeze at low temperatures (20-percent solution at — 18.5°C and 30-percent solution at — 48°C). Calcium chloride forms the hydrate CaCl2 • 6H2O, which remains stable up to 29.8°C;at high temperatures, crystalline hydrates are precipitated from the saturated solution with four, two, and one molecules of H2O. When CaCl2⋅6H2O (58.8 percent) is mixed with snow or ice (41.2 percent), the temperature drops to — 55°C (cryohydric point).

Calcium chloride is obtained as a byproduct in the manufacture of soda and is used for the preparation of calcium metal, in the drying of gases and liquids, in refrigeration, and in medicine.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

calcium chloride

[′kal·sē·əm ′klȯr‚īd]
(inorganic chemistry)
CaCl2 A colorless, deliquescent powder that is soluble in water and ethanol; used as an antifreeze and as an antidust agent.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

calcium chloride

A chemical salt used in plastic concrete as an accelerator.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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