Fast-twitch muscles (white fibers) have a greater ATPase activity and this should yield tender meat due to the lower activity of
calpastatin (Geesink, Kuchay, Chishti & Koohmaraie, 2006), because of the negative correlation between the
calpastatin activity and the myofibrillar ATPase activity (Geesink, Taylor, Bekhit & Bickerstaffe, 2001).
Effects of polymorphisms in the
calpastatin and -calpain genes on meat tenderness in three French beef breeds.
Effects of
calpastatin and p-calpain markers in beef cattle on tenderness traits.
Obesity-associated dysregulation of
calpastatin and MMP-15 in adiposederived stromal cells results in their enhanced invasion.
Calcium-bound structure of calpain and its mechanism of inhibition by
calpastatin. Nature.
Calpastatin in erythrocytes of young and old individuals.
OPA1 seemed to share a functional pathway with
calpastatin, an inhibitor of the calcium-dependent protease calpain, which is involved in apoptosis [111].
Greenbaum and his collaborators examined the crystal structure of
calpastatin, a natural calpain inhibitor, for clues.
Autoantigens defined by experimental serum and B-cell analysis in RA syndromes in animals and humans (10) Type/nature Specificity Autoantigen Citrulline-containing peptide Keratin Perinuclear factor Savoy antigen Filaggrin Human leukocyte antigen
Calpastatin Immunoglobulin (rheumatoid factor) Calreticulin Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antigen Antinuclear antibody Immunoglobulin heavy-chain protein / p68 Heteronuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (RA33) Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Cartilage (organ Collagen type II specific) Chondrocyte antigen 65 Large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (aggrecan) Human chondrocyte glycoprotein 39 Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Non-autoantigens Bacterial heat shock protein
Effects of
calpastatin and (micro)-calpain markers in beef cattle on tenderness traits.
Repetitive nerve stimulation studies were also employed to study the effect of transgenic expression of
calpastatin (CS), the natural inhibitor of calpain, in the decremental response observed in the [epsilon]L269F-transgenic.