Consequently, the EO is classified into different chemotypes according to its major constituents: citral, linalool, B-caryophyllene, tagetenone, limonene,
carvone, myrcene, y-terpinene, camphor-1,8-cineole and estragole (STASHENKO et al.
Most identified enhancers can be classified as: alcohols (ethanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, propylene glycols and glycerol), fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, valeric acid and lauric acid), amines (diethanolamine and triethanolamine), esters (isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate and ethyl acetate), amides (1-dodecylazacycloheptane-2-one [AzoneA(r)], urea, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide and pyrrolidone derivatives), hydrocarbons (alkanes and squalene), surfactants (sodium laureate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, BrijA(r), TweenA(r) and sodium cholate), terpenes (D-limonene,
carvone and anise oil), sulfoxides (dimethyl sulfoxide) and phospholipids (lecithine).
Furthermore,
carvone, a chemical constituent of caraway seeds, has previously been demonstrated to exhibit anticonvulsant activity in animal models of seizure.
sativa such as p-cymene, [alpha]-thujene, [alpha]-pinene, camphene, sabinene, [beta]-pinene, [beta]-myrcene, [alpha]-phellandrene, limonene, [gamma]-terpinene, terpinolene, camphor,
carvone, thymol, carvacrol, longicyclene, and borneol [15].
Mentha plants produce a large amount of essential oils of high commercial value, such as
carvone, dihydrocarvone, menthone, menthol, pulegone, linalool and linalyl acetate.
These results represent the first report on the antioxidant and iron chelating activities of R-(-)-
carvone, p-cumenol, cuminyl alcohol, cuminal and 4-methoxycumene.
Carvone has been reported to inhibit the feeding of pales weevil (Hylobius pales) on Pinus strobus seedlings (Salom et al.
This herb consists of some monoterpen such as
carvone, limonene and trans-anethole and some flavonoids such as kaempferol and vicenin.
Limonene and
carvone are the most important compounds of essential oil which is the main active substance of caraway fruit.
For example,
carvone is a chiral terpenoid where the R enantiomer smells like spearmint while the S enantiomer has the distinct odor of caraway seed.
Carvone oxide: an example of convergent evolution in euglossine-pollinated plants.
2006), who conducted in vitro studies, reported that addition of anethol (3,000 mg/L), carvacrol and
carvone (300 mg/L) had no effect on N[H.
