Immunohistochemically, the cells lining the
cavernous space and vacuolated epithelioid cells are positive for vimentin, CD31, CD34, and factor-VIII-related antigen, supporting the endothelial nature [1-3, 5, 7-9, 11, 12, 15].
Following initiation of heparin infusion, a CT venogram (CTV) confirmed the presence of thrombosis along with a filling defect in the L
cavernous sinus (Figure 3).
Various mass lesions in the brainstem, such as primary and metastatic tumors, and
cavernous malformations (Figure 3B), may involve the nuclei and/or the fascicular fibers of CN V (2, 15).
A follow-up MRI in patient 5 after three months showed decreased signal intensity and enhancement of the affected
cavernous sinus.
Small
cavernous malformations may represent as focal area of decreased signal density, "black dots".
Cerebral
cavernous malformation (CCM), also known as
cavernous angioma, is a type of vascular malformation in the central nervous system.
It is usually painful and rigid erection, characterised by little or no
cavernous blood flow resulting in abnormal (dark red)
cavernous blood gases (hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis) (3).
Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiogram revealed a destructive skull base mass with an associated giant probable pseudoaneurysm of the
cavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery.
The lesion was resected and the diagnosis of
cavernous type hemangioma was confirmed by pathology studies.
(7) Of the remaining cases, 26 (11%) displayed acute ischemic necrosis and 69 (30%) were diagnosed as
cavernous degeneration, a morphologic variant of ION (see below).
Carotid
cavernous fistulas (CCFs) develop as a shunt between the
cavernous sinus and carotid arterial system [1].
The histopathological examination revealed an intramuscular
cavernous hemangioma (Figure 4).