Ubiquinone

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Ubiquinone

 

(also benzoquinone, coenzyme Q), any of a series of derivatives of 5-methyl-2,3-dimethoxyquinone having a variable terpenoid side chain attached to the carbon atom in position six. Ubiquinones have from six to ten isoprenoid units (C₅H₈). The structural formula is

Ubiquinones figure in reactions that supply energy to cells. They are designated by the symbols UQ_n or CoQ_n; in the first, n represents the number of carbon atoms, and in the second, the number of isoprenoid units. For example, UQ₃₀ will correspond to CoQ₆. Ubiquinones occur as colorless, crystalline substances whose absorption maximum is at 270 micrometers. They are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents.

Ubiquinones are present in all organisms; UQ₅₀ predominates in mammals, UQ_30–50 in fungi, UQ₄₀ in bacteria, UQ_40–45 in protozoa, and UQ_45–50 in insects. Plant mitochondria contain UQ_40–50 in small quantities, and the chloroplasts in plants contain plastoquinones, which are similar to ubiquinones. Various naph-thoquinones occur in certain bacteria.

The biological role of ubiquinones is based on their ability to participate in reversible oxidation-reduction conversions. Ubiquinones are located in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and in the inner membranes of mitochondria. They participate in the transfer of electrons and hydrogen between flavoproteins and cytochrome b in the respiratory chain.

REFERENCES

Skulachev, V. P. Transformatsiia energii v biomembranakh. Moscow, 1972.
Morton, R. A. “Ubiquinones, Plastoquinones, and Vitamins K.” Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1971, vol. 46, no. 1.

V. V. ZUEVSKII

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.