Based on the evidence presented in this article we believe that Cina and Luwuq were ruled initially by a single corporate
cognatic descent group that later bifurcated into two different kingdoms.
It is not a question of one thing but not the other, but of one thing and the other, and this conjugation has implications for understanding
cognatic descent in contemporary systems of tenure.
Under
cognatic primogeniture the eldest child would succeed, regardless of gender.
This phenomenon does not only document how strong the
cognatic, even residually matrilineal notion of kinship still was in fifteenth-century Portugal; (53) it also shows how, in a period of transition to a more patriarchal practice of property transfer, women's possessions and agency had to be co-opted.
Instead, the works express a bilinear,
cognatic image of the family, indicating legal, economic, and affective ties between mothers and sons.
If a man creates a family endowment for his son and the latter's lineal descendants, the principle of agnation therefore will exclude progressively from the resulting lineal descent group both female and male
cognatic descendants of the founder.
Contrary to historical reality, the poet assigns to Minaya a key position within the
cognatic family of the Cid as the latter's nephew.
Bilateral or
cognatic kinship systems may in simplest terms be described as those in which descent from ancestors and affiliation to a set of kinsmen may be traced through both females and males.
In many parts of this area,
cognatic kinship organization with emphasis on the maternal tie is prevalent, and the active participation of women in economic activities render a clear demarcation of domestic and public misleading.
Smart; Freeman's initial intervention was copied to those senior anthropologists to whom Smart had given acknowledgements in his doctoral thesis on the Karagawan Isneg of northern Luzon, presented to the University of Western Australia, on
cognatic kinship, the conjugal pair, and the concept of the kindred (Smart 1971).
Kelabit kinship is bilateral or
cognatic, (8) which means that ties are traced from all ancestors regardless of gender, where a child is equally related to his father's and mother's kin.
In Frazer's words, besides land, fanua refers 'to a much larger category of people made up of known
cognatic descendants, the shrine descent category' (Frazer 1981:65).
