will prevail on the common questions." (17) It is true that under certain circumstances defendants may prefer
collectivization to litigating separately, in order to achieve "global peace." (18) This may happen where individual plaintiffs can extract more than the value of their claims.
(3) The
collectivization of financial risk punishes prudent bankers.
Stalin pursued
collectivization despite the massive resistance that had followed when Soviet authorities first tried to introduce the policy the previous spring.
Further, it styles itself as a continuation of a window of reform in Russia by publishing critical accounts of
collectivization and by contributing to the rehabilitation of previously repressed scholars.
Li's book challenges the stereotype, commonly presented in historical and comparative political works on China, of the peasants during
collectivization being "subservient and powerless." Rather, he describes how villagers in the post-revolutionary period protested state policies by appealing to indigenous values, such as the right to survival, community relations, and popular cults.
Figes drew on these interviews to reconstruct the "inner world of ordinary Russian citizens" as families were disrupted, and sometimes reunited, by
collectivization, the Great Terror, or World War II.
Since he did not expect these peasants to volunteer their assets, he decreed the forced
collectivization of their properties.
1997: China's
collectivization puzzle: A new resolution.
It was of no moral concern to Stalin that the peasants of Ukraine and other parts of the USSR didn't buy into
collectivization of their farms in the 1920s and 30s.
For those on the political left, any lingering romanticization of communism and
collectivization might be shattered by the film, which calmly observes how a system intended to create equity among poor farmers has fostered a static, dumb bureaucracy that leaves its poorest behind.
"Our forefathers defended the land against forced communist
collectivization and foreign aggression, paying a high price in blood and life," said Bishop Napierala.
The text covers Mao's early life, education (shortened by his "spoilt, rebellious nature" that caused his expulsion from several schools), early political involvement, four wives, leadership of the nascent Communist Party and the Long March, the failure of farm
collectivization that resulted in widespread famine, meetings with Khrushchev and Nixon, and the deaths of about 70 million Chinese to famine and oppression.