Crossing

crossing

1. a place, often shown by markings, lights, or poles, where a street, railway, etc., may be crossed

2. the intersection of the nave and transept in a church

3. the act or process of crossbreeding

Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

Crossing

The square space of a cruciform church, created by the intersection of the nave and chancel with the transept. Intersection of two elements in the form of a cross, such as the ridges of a cross gable.

Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture Copyright © 2012, 2002, 1998 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Crossing

 

a ventilation device installed in underground mine workings and designed to separate and isolate intersecting flows of air, such as fresh air and exhaust air. Depending on the airflow and period of service, crossings may be made of metal and concrete piping or in the form of a well-secured bypass shaft driven through the rock in the roof or soil of the bed.

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Crossing

 

(also interbreeding or hybridizing), one of the methods of the selective breeding of plants and animals. Crossing is used to obtain hybrids and crossbreeds that represent the initial material in selection and culling for economically beneficial characteristics. It is also used in the development of new breeds and varieties.

The various systems of crossing can be classified in one of two categories: inbreeding and outbreeding. Variants of outbreeding include crossbreeding, incrossing (crossing inbred lines of the same breed or variety), incrossbreeding (crossing inbred lines of different breeds or varieties), topcross (crossing specially selected inbred male lines with outbred female lines), and more remote crossings. In animal breeding, crossing is understood to mean crossbreeding, which is divided into induced crossbreeding, reproductive crossing, grading up, and commercial crossbreeding. (See alsoHYBRIDIZATION.)

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Crossing

 

in medieval, primarily Romanesque and Gothic, churches, the place where the nave and transept intersect.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

crossing

1. In a church, the place where the nave and chancel cross the transept.

2. A painting technique whereby freshly applied paint is rebrushed at right angles to the direction of application and then rebrushed at right angles again to provide even distribution of paint over the surface.

3. Same as crossbanding.

McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.