(7) Third, the
de-differentiation theory indicates that existing papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma de-differentiate into SCC.
Nad biosynthetic enzymes, Such as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (nampt) and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (naprt), Are commonly upregulated in cancer cells, Where they fuel increased metabolic demands and downstream enzymes involved in dna repair and in the promotion of cell growth, Cell motility,
De-differentiation and immune escape.
The finding is the first to show that mammalian adult stem cells can march backward along the developmental timeline in a process called
de-differentiation to become more primitive in response to environmental signals.
Evans, "
De-differentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma into squamous cell carcinoma.
Exact origin of melanoma in GCTs is unknown but these may occur from transformation of dermal elements or
de-differentiation of germ cells to melanomas.
It occurs more commonly in the extremities, and cases of primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the penis are very difficult to find.[sup.9] El Hayek and colleagues[sup.10] suggest that one possible explanation could be the occurrence of
de-differentiation. On the other hand, the tumour could have been pleomorphic from the start.
GBM frequently arises de novo, but may develop from diffuse or anaplastic astrocytomas that undergo
de-differentiation. (4) Glioblastoma is the most common brain tumour, accounting for 12 - 15% of intracranial neoplasms and 50 - 60% of astrocytic tumours.
However, no experiments published have directly demonstrated this
de-differentiation process, so Li and his research team remained skeptical.
Stem cell scientists in China have used a technique known as
de-differentiation to re-engineer cells to a more primitive state that increases cell survival rates and offers greater potential for clinical use.
The unit prevents
de-differentiation of adult cardiomyocytes, encourages pre-commitment of stem cells toward certain muscle phenotypes and is suited for cardiac tissue engineering.
In particular, he discusses the definition and classification of cancer, cellular carcinogenesis as a monoclonal multi-step threshold phenomenon, the five types of genetic and molecular changes leading to cancer, causes of cancer, cellular changes associating malignant transformation or
de-differentiation, tumor recurrence and metastasis, tumor markers, natural inhibitors of the multi-stage carcinogenesis, and biochemical bases of current anti-cancer treatments.
Having learnt some lessons from SCNT (cloning), we need to be very cautious in generating stem cells by directed differentiation (IPS) or
de-differentiation for cell therapy to treat diseases.
