Initially the lake seems to be
englacial lake which was not clearly visible.
Sandstone bedrock (unit 1) underlies the study site and is overlain by
englacial and ablation till (unit 2).
They demonstrated that at locations along the escarpment normal to ice flow, englacial ice containing carbonate-rich debris was reactivated to become basal ice on the plateau and served as a mechanism responsible for some tills having a carbonate content greater than expected (Fig.
The apparent increase in igneous and metamorphic rock fragments produced over the long transport distance to the plateau occurs in samples taken from end moraines where the englacial load of the ice was released.
The formation of eskers depends on the subglacial or englacial drainage system.
More or less stable subglacial or englacial conduit systems.
Surficial glaciofluvial deposits cover 3.1% of Estonia's territory (Vares & Raukas 1981) and are divided into
englacial and periglacial genetical types with frequent transitions between them (Raukas 1978).
Undulating topography results in change between compressive and transgressive flow and stacking or mixing of
englacial debris (Broster 1986).
Subglacial erosion and
englacial sediment transport modelled for North American ice sheets.
The WGD reflects more the composition of
englacial long-transported material, in contrast to lodgement tills in which the debris from glaciers basal layer is mixed with local material.
The jagged or wavy foot-line of drumlins at the eastern border of the drumlin field suggests the formation to be the result of irregular accumulation of till and of meltwater erosion in the final phase of development (Rouk 1976), and also of melting of stagnant ice and deposition on the account of supraglacial and partly
englacial debris.