A voltage optimization objective is defined by the sum of the squared
error voltage equation (Gherbi et al., 2014).
Figure 7 shows
error voltage between X and Y terminals for different values of Vy.
The
error voltage is compared against the current signal, which is sum of inductor current signal and ramp compensation signal, at PWM input.
The
error voltage or error current in a converter is taken as [psi].
When the inverter is connected to the Boost converter, the output of the voltage
error voltage amplifier saturates at 5.8 V.
Testing on any equipment with rated voltage up to 1000 V, tests according to DIN VDE 0105 T100, with measurement of insulation resistances, measuring short-circuit current / loop resistance measurement
error voltage / leakage current measurements on the ground conductor / bonding conductors, measuring ground resistance, with expert inspection of stationary equipment, it is very substantially to existing tests on distribution systems, inspection sticker, extensive documentation.
The
error voltage [v.sub.e] from the Error Amplifier 2 then is fed to the multiplier and multiplied with input voltage to get the [i.sub.L.sup.*](reference).
One have to add to the relations above the functioning relations of the controller which reflect the dependence between the
error voltage [U.sub.[epsilon]] and the controller output voltage [U.sub.reg], and although the voltage-current converter equation.
Avoid placing the filter at the PGA input because you may load the resistive thermopile, which can have a source impedance up to 100 kOhm, inducing an
error voltage. Do not place the filter on the PGA output either as the output typically interfaces with a switch capacitor ADC, which should be driven by a low-impedance source.
-- -- Umax 4.0 Umax 3.7 Table 2 : Percentage of restored voltage and
error voltage correction Voltage Correction by Polar Correction by PI Sags Controller Controller Restorarion Error Restoration Error 50%GF 98.5% 1.5% 95% 5% 70%GF 98% 2% 95.6% 4.4% 30%2F 95% 5% 92% 8% 50%2F 97.5% 2.5% 96.6% 3.4% 70%2F 100% 0% 97.2% 2.8% 30%2FG 95% 5% 92% 8% 50%2FG 97.5% 2.5% 97% 3% 70%2FG 100% 0% 96.2% 3.8% 30%3F 92.5% 7.5% 92% 8% 50%3F 98% 2% 95% 5% 70%3F 99% 1% 97.5% 2.5%
This model generates frequencies between 1500 and 1800 MHz within 0.25 to 4.75 VDC of control voltage, making it attractive for quick implementation into PLLs where the
error voltage can be taken directly from the ICs charge pump circuitry.
The
error voltage curves of the signal conversion (gain) as calculated for the summing Junction of the OA2 for an output signal of [V.sub.o] = IV are shown in Fig.
