exumbrella

[‚ek·səm′brel·ə]

(invertebrate zoology)

The outer, convex surface of the umbrella of jellyfishes.

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Apical exumbrella very thick with two long opposite tentacles starting near to the top of the umbrella, ending far from the bell, without secondary tentacles.

First record of Solmundella bitentaculata (Cnidaria: Aeginidae) in Para State Shelf, Brazil

Multiple attempts to record from the exumbrella of three different animals, with either electrical or mechanical stimulation of the exumbrella, tentacles, subumbrella, or rhopalia failed to demonstrate an exumbrellar conducting system.

Multiple conducting systems in the cubomedusa Carybdea marsupialis

All discoids are bed-parallel; none exhibit evidence for folding, tearing, twisting, agglomeration in ripple troughs, or preservation indicative of a convex body (e.g., an exumbrella) that has been preserved upside-down.

Hypothesized Cambrian medusae from Saint John, New Brunswick, reinterpreted as sedimentary structures

Tissue pieces were dissected from small and large adult Aurelia, including pieces from the margin (including tentacles), from the more peripheral subumbrella and more central subumbrella, the exumbrella, and the manubrium.

Organization of the ectodermal nervous structures in jellyfish: scyphomedusae

Other parts of scyphomedusae, including tentacles, manubrium, and exumbrella, show similar double staining, with the FMRFamide-immunoreactive networks including putative sensory cells.

Organization of the ectodermal nervous structures in medusae: cubomedusae

When making contact with a jellyfish, phyilosomas first cling onto its exumbrella, feed on its tentacles or oral arms, and then consume the exumbrella.

Predation by the phyllosoma larva of Ibacus novemdentatus on various kinds of venomous jellyfish

Nemopilema, as well as Aurelia aurita, has eight rhopalia at the margin of the exumbrella (Fig.

Anomalous infrared taxis of an aquatic animal, the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae)

4), [d.sub.stopping] was determined from the distance between the inner surface of the exumbrella and the manubrium.

Ontogenetic changes in the bell morphology and kinematics and swimming behavior of rowing medusae: the special case of the limnomedusa Liriope tetraphylla

Bell diameter, the distance (cm) between distal ends of rhopalia on a chord bisecting a medusa lying exumbrella surface down on the measuring table, was our Standard measurement of medusa size (Dawson 2003, 2005b, c).

New family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton

A frenulum interrupts the ring of tissue of the velarium, but this interruption does not extend through to the exumbrella. The frenulum represents an inward and upward fold of subumbrellar tissue that forms a double muscle layer separated by a narrow wedge of mesoglea (Fig.

Muscle organization of the cubozoan jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897

Exumbrella smooth, without ridges or visible clusters of nematocysts.

A new deepwater species of Stauromedusae, Lucernaria janetae (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Lucernariidae), and a preliminary investigation of stauromedusan phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA data

Marginal sense organs: 8; each with two rhopaliar cones, one from exumbrella and extending inward, one between and formed by junction of adjacent lappet borders and directed upward.

Chrysaora achlyos, a remarkable new species of scyphozoan from the Eastern Pacific

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