Structurally, phosphatidylserine is an amino acid that consists of
glycerophosphate skeleton conjugated with two fatty acids and L-serine via a phosphodiester linkage.
Among these materials, the use of potassium oxalates, (5) sodium fluoride, (6) strontium salt, (2) amorphous calcium phosphate containing casein phosphopeptide; (7) calcium
glycerophosphate, (8) and calcium carbonates (mainly as abrasive agents) (9) have gain significant interest as an occlusion materials.
In contrast, isobutyl xanthine and beta
glycerophosphate in the presence of BMP-2 have been found to promote adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, respectively.
Rahimi et al., "Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase," Nature, vol.
They combine adhesive and composite technology because it contains
glycerophosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM) monomer adhesive and acidic phosphate group as found also in other adhesive system.
showed that acute and chronic metformin actions reduce endogenous glucose production by raising the cytosolic redox state and decreasing the mitochondrial redox state through noncompetitive inhibition of mitochondrial
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase [26].
In addition to NDH, metformin was shown to inhibit other enzymes of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation apparatus, including mitochondrial
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) and ATP synthase [7, 10, 23].
The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) substrate p-nitrophenol phosphate (p-NPP), 8-hydroxyquinoline, o-cresolphthalein, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (AMP), dexamethasone,
glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid (AA) were also obtained from Sigma.
Participation of one isozyme of cytosolic
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in adipose conversion of 3T3 cell.
Summary of NaOH/EDTA extractable P forms (in mg/kg) as determined by [31.sup.P] NMR spectroscopy and quantified using spectral deconvolution Ortho-P, Orthophosphate; Lipid, [alpha]-glycerophosphate and [beta]-
glycerophosphate; RNA-sum of up to four individual resonances in the chemical shift range 3.93-4.47 ppm; scyllo-[IP.sub.6], scyllo- Inositol hexakisphosphate; Pyro-P, pyrophosphate.
In recent years, further probable mechanisms involved in cAMP, the phosphorylation of Acc1 and Acc2, mitochondrial
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and the activated duodenal AMPK were found to affect metformin's effect in different ways [3-6].