MMS is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease characterized by steno-occlusive changes around the terminal portions of bilateral or unilateral internal carotid artery and proximal arteries accompanied by the development of fragile collateral network usually with various underlying diseases (
hematopathy, Down's syndrome, and autoimmune disorder).[6] However, to the best of our knowledge, PNH-MMS was rare, with only four published cases reported in the literature to date.[2],[3],[4],[5]
In the modern society, with the increasing use of cancer chemotherapy, organ transplantation, and
hematopathy and the increased incidence of diabetes and diseases of aging, broad-spectrum antibiotics, adrenal cortical hormone, cytotoxic drugs, and immunosuppressants have been clinically applied in an unreasonable manner for a long time.