The people of Guam traditionally used holothuroids to poison coral fishes: they cut the holothuroids and squeezed out their contents to render the fishes weak and less active (Bakus, 1973).
mourlani, which is mainly found in association with asteroids and less so with holothuroids (Parmentier, 2003).
1994) and Strathmann (1996) briefly reported observations similar to ours with an ophiopluteus, as well as observations of faster accumulation of resources for postlarval structures in well-fed
holothuroid larvae (Strathmann et al.
This condition is also reported in viviparous
holothuroids (Miller, 1985; Frick et al.
The planktotrophic larvae of asteroids are morphologically similar to those of
holothuroids (Smiley, 1986), whereas the planktotrophic larvae of echinoids are similar to those of ophiuroids (Levin and Bridges, 1995).
and the
holothuroids Cucumaria miniata and Psolus chitinoides.
Similarly, nothing is known about the renewal of the Cuvierian tubule stock after expulsion and, consequently, on the way
holothuroids maintain their line of defense.
Immunocytochemical labeling with anti-serotonin in the auricularia larvae of a
holothuroid produced a structure described as an apical ganglion (Burke et al.
The In-transformed egg size distribution in the ophiuroids appears visually to be unimodal [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 2B OMITTED] and similar in shape to that observed in the
holothuroids [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 1B OMITTED].
Syncytial cleavages, also resulting in stereoblastulae, were described for the
holothuroid Cucumaria glacialis (Mortensen, 1894) and the asteroid Fromia ghardaqana (Mortensen, 1938) and are posited for some other echinoids (Mortensen, 1903, 1905).
Studies that suggest that brood size is unconstrained by brood space include species of polychaetes (Daly, 1972; Gremare and Olive, 1986; Hess, 1993), bivalves (Ockelmann and Muus, 1978; Kabat, 1985; McGrath and Ofoighil, 1986; Russell and Huelsenbeck, 1989; Brey and Hain, 1992), asteroids (Menge, 1974), ophiuroids (Rumrill, 1982; Byrne, 1991),
holothuroids (Rutherford, 1973), and pinnotherid crabs (Hines, 1992).
In most
holothuroid taxa, the ossicles are reduced to spicules.
