Monetary Policy Expectations at the Zero
Lower Bound.
But in many countries, policy space for such additional cuts was effectively exhausted, due to the
lower bound on nominal interest rates.
It is observed that the
lower bound of the ergodic capacity monotonically increases with the number of BS antenna [N.
When long-term bond yields are not constrained by the
lower bound and s and f are linear with respect to arguments, [y.
n,k], that is,
lower bound for the proportion of minimal overlapping patterns in ST([n.
With the estimated lower and upper bounds of the delamination area created during the mode I fracture test in the DCB specimens, the average AE signal amplitude and the respective upper and
lower bound for the average crack area created per average AE signal (with respect to signal amplitude) can be estimated.
This approach computes upper and
lower bounds on the initial state value by using Linear Programming (LP) optimization techniques and these bounds are the tightest possible given the network model, available output measurements, and the a priori rough bounds on the initial state and noises.
And to the extent that prices in post-hyper-inflationary economies are still quoted in other units of account, it is usually associated with inflation that, while lower, is still high enough that the economy is far away from the zero
lower bound.
This difference was presumably caused by the failure to shape expectations by introducing a
lower bound.
Four years of poor yield (1983, 1988, 1993, and 2012) fall below the
Lower Bound and are thus classified as occurring under extreme weather and climate events that negatively impacted yields.
In this numerical formulation that is written according to the
lower bound theory, the simplest elements are in the form of the Figure 6 that is used in modeling.
In particular, we show that the discounted expected value is no longer valid as a classical
lower bound for insurance prices in general: it has to be corrected by a covariance term that reflects the interaction between the insurance claim and the financial market.
