In this paper, the main focus is on developing optimal
lumping models for simulating the reactions of HDS and HDN of shale oil middle distillate (MD), using three kinds of
lumping models (two-, three- and four-lump models).
He also showed that the properties of these highly resolved webs are sensitive to simulated
lumping of trophic species (Martinez 1991, 1993).
Lumpbreakers allow the use of a higher ratio of Western bentonite without the penalty of excessive
lumping and the large loss of sand at shakeout.