FGF-basic: basic fibroblast growth factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor; IFN-[gamma]: interferon gamma; IL: interleukin; IP-10: inducible protein 10; KC: keratinocyte chemoat- tractant; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MIG:
monokine induced by IFN-[gamma]; MIP-[alpha] macrophage inflammatory protein-alfa; TNF-[alpha]: tumor necrosis factor alfa.
A
monokine regulates colony-stimulating activity production by vascular endothelial cells.
(12) IL-8 and the CXC chemokine,
monokine induced by interferon gamma (Mig), seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of VKC.
XCLl/lymphotactin-[alpha] XCL2/lymphotactin-[beta] CCL2-MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; CCL3-MIP-la: macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alfa; CCL5-RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted; CXCL8-IL-8: interleukin-8; CXCL9- MIG:
monokine induced by gamma interferon; CXCL10-IP-10: interferon gamma-induced protein 10; CXCL11-I-TAC: interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant.
CXCL9/Mig, a
monokine induced by interferon- (IFN-) gamma induced protein 1 (IP-10), is a type 1 C-X-C chemokine and displays strong chemoattraction for T-helper type 1 (Th 1) lymphocytes [57, 58].
The PPAR[gamma] ligands, 15d-PGJ2, troglitazone, and pioglitazone, can inhibit the IFN-[gamma]-induced expression of the CXC chemokines inducing protein-10 and
monokine induced by IFN-[gamma]/IFN-inducible T-cell achemoattractant by endothelial cells [34].
In contrast the
monokine MIG, also involved in immune activity, was elevated.
[]Biomaterials-induced macrophage activation and
monokine release[], J.
The concentration of this
monokine in umbilical blood serum of newborns of mothers with intrauterine infections had no significant differences from control values in the peripheral blood of healthy newborns; it made 179.8 [+ or -] 8.20 pg/ml.
(16) These data are well in line with the observation that in human PBMC, DMF inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of IL-8,
monokine induced by IFN-[gamma] (Mig) and IP-10, all NF-[kappa]B dependent chemokines.
T cells, representing the adaptive arm of the immune response, also play a critical role in atherogenesis, entering lesions in response to the chemokineinducible protein-10,
monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-[gamma], and IFN-inducible T cell [alpha]-chemo-attractant (31).
Table 2-3 Some Types of Cytokines and Their Functions Type Source Function Interleukin-1
Monokine produced by Activates B and activated macrophages T lymphocytes; mediates inflammation Interleukin-2 Lymphokine produced by Growth factor for B and helper T cells T lymphocytes; enhances cytotoxic effects of nonkiller (NK) cells Interferon Lymphokine produced by Activates macrophages; helper and suppressor promotes B- and T-cell T cells differentiation; activates neutrophils and NK cells Tumor necrosis
Monokine produced by Mediator of inflammation factor activated macrophages Table 2-4 Phases of Acquired Immunity Phase Action Recognition Exposure to a specific antigen resulting in selective activation and expansion of those lymphocytes with antigenic receptors specific for that antigen.