The monotypic genera Lobepomis, Neoderoploa and Terania were excluded from the analysis because they are part of a well-corroborated
monophyletic group with the monotypic genus Procleticus, which is the sister-group of the genus Thoreyella (Bernardes et al., 2009).
This calibration point was then employed to estimate times of divergence for various nodes of interest--but with some degree of caution because, strictly speaking, the two subfamilies (sensu OSF2) proved not to be
monophyletic, as will be demonstrated below.
Tunicates in the Molgulidae are a
monophyletic group of solitary ascidians (Ascidiacea: Stolidobranchia) that are sister group to the families Styelidae and Pyuridae (1-3).
In addition, cladistics analysis emphasizes
monophyletic groups and thus gives a limited picture of evolution.
- To test the relationships within the species complexes of the indigobirds and the paradise whydahs, and whether these two species groups each were
monophyletic, we estimated the phylogenetic relationships among all Vidua.
The Haplochromis cichlids of Lake Victoria are a
monophyletic species flock, collectively known as "furu." They present an ecological and evolutionary problem in that each ecological niche is (was) shared by up to 130 species.
fortis individuals clustering into one
monophyletic lineage.
In spite of the limited resolution of the two studies, they do suggest that at least some of Cuatrecasas' segregate genera may not be
monophyletic and that evolutionary history of the group in the northern Andes has been more complicated than envisioned by Cuatrecasas (1986).
When two species are named to circumscribe a clade in the Results and Discussion, it refers to the smallest
monophyletic group comprising both species.
Many of the STs in either scheme formed coherent (
monophyletic) groups in our phylogeny.
Results showed that they have resolved three reciprocally
monophyletic clades which should be treated as species or minimally, as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs).