Summary: Two new monocyclic
naphthene derivatives (1and 2) along with seven known compounds for the first time from the chloroform soluble fraction of the Tamarix indica.
Fuel Type RQ (= C[O.sub.2]/ Range of RQ [O.sub.2,st]) relation Paraffins, 1/{1 + (1/2 + 1/2h)} 1/2 < RQ < (2/3) [C.sub.n] [H.sub.2n+2] Diolefins, 1/{1 + (1/2 - 1/2n)} 2/3 < RQ < (4/5) [C.sub.n] n [greater than or equal to] 2 [H.sub.2n+2] Aromatics, 1/{(3/2 - 3/2n)}, 2/3 < RQ < (4/5) [C.sub.n] n [greater than or equal to] 6 [H.sub.2n-6] Olefins, (2/3) (2/3) *
naphthenes, or cycloparaffin, [C.sub.n] [H.sub.2n] Alcohols, (2/3) (2/3) * [C.sub.n] [Th.sub.2n+2]O Fuel Type Remarks Paraffins, RQ increases slightly with "n"; RQ = 1/2 for [C.sub.n] C[H.sub.4], RQ incresaes with n and RQ [right [H.sub.2n+2] arrow] (2/3) as n [right arrow] [infinity].
Naphthene is used to describe the group of cycloalkanes.
According to George, V and Dyroff, the composition of crude oil varies with the locality of occurrence, but all contains alkanes (straight and branched chain from about (C1-C40), cycloalkares or
naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
These pyrolytic products can be divided into a gas fraction, a liquid fraction consisting of paraffins, olefins,
naphthenes and aromatics (PONA), and solid residues [14].
Paraffins and
Naphthenes. The normal and branched alkanes are located at the bottom of the 2D plane, and branched alkanes tend to occupy the lower part with the number of carbon atom increasing.
** Cyclic chain (cycloalkanes or
naphthenes), [C.sub.n][H.sub.2n];
Significant reductions in concentration of
naphthenes and aromatics components of the crude oil as shown in the GC fingerprints indicates the catabolic versatility of the two Pseudomonas isolates.
(alkanes,
naphthenes, alkynes, aromatics, and others), from viscously
Hydrotreatment is a process that converts polycyclic aromatics into
naphthenes and allows for production of environmentally-sound naphthenic oils without production of carcinogenic side products.
The limitation arises due to the presence of ring compounds (aromatics and
naphthenes), the concentrations of which do not change considerably during the upgrading process.