Figure 3 (1) shows a systematic relationship between the frequency and the first mode index m, identifying the number of nodal lines crossing the crown, on logarithmic scales.
For the crudest approximation in the (m,0) mode, a wall section between nodal lines is approximated as a Hat rectangular plate of constant wall thickness.
Imposing a hinged boundary condition at the location of expected nodal lines is difficult for this double curvature configuration, consequently the entire bell is modeled with a fixed thickness contour, and the clamped boundary condition is imposed on the center hole of the crown.
Whatever happens on the nodal line side is of no concern to the substrate.
Since the nodal line is measure, and since measure is both quality and quantity, the nodal line is itself qualitative.
Notice too that if an inferior conjunction falls very close to the
nodal line, then neither the alignment 8 years earlier nor the one 8 years later will land in the transit zone, so there would be only a single transit in that century.
These clearly delineated, stationary regions are called nodes or nodal lines.
have been studying what information about a vibrating object can be gleaned from the positions of nodes and nodal lines.
Frons about as long as broad, forewings with two black elongate spots near bases of sutural margins, nodal line marked with several fuscous spots T.
Forewings translucent with veins yellowish green, nodal line and sutural margins suffused with grey zones, formed a reverse Y-shaped, tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.
Forewings with continuous transverse veins and with membrane bent down at rest, with 12 closed apical cells, Sc+R with one branch before subapical transverse nodal line.
Parapunana is also closely related to Livatiella Fennah, but can be separated from Livatiella by: the head including eyes distinctly narrower than pronotum (head as wide as pronotum in Livatiella); the vertex wide and short, apical half of submedian carinae very faint (vertex narrow and long, submedian carinae distinct in Livatiella), the eyes small (rather large in Livatiella); the forewing with Sc+R with branches before subapical transverse nodal line (one branch in Livatiella).
