In the second mutation, which results in the tubular florets, the insertion of a "jumping gene" disrupts the ability of the plant to produce normal ray florets.
The ray perpendicular to the reflector in J point (named normal ray) emerges with an angle [beta] at [x.sub.o] point spending [t.sub.0] to travel from [x.sub.o] to J and back to [x.sub.o] (zero offset traveltime).