ohmmeter

ohmmeter

ohmmeter (ōmˈmēˌtər), instrument used to measure the electrical resistance of a conductor. It is usually included in a single package with a voltmeter, and often an ammeter. In normal usage, the ohmmeter operates by using the voltmeter to measure a voltage drop, then converting this reading into a corresponding resistance reading through Ohm's law. If the current is known, the voltage drop across the unknown resistance may be read to give the resistance directly. If the current is not known, or if it is not possible to measure the voltage across the unknown directly, reading the voltage drop across a known resistance in the same circuit will give the current, and once this voltage is subtracted from the total drop for the circuit, the voltage drop across the unknown, and thus its resistance, may be found.

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Ohmmeter

A portable instrument for measuring relatively low values of electrical resistance. The range of resistance measured is typically from 0.1 microhm to 1999 ohms (&OHgr;). The ohmmeter solves quickly and easily a variety of measurement problems, including measuring the resistance of cladding and tracks on printed circuit boards, electrical connectors, and switch and relay contacts, as well as determining the quality of ground-conductor continuity and bonding, cables, bus-bar joints, and welded connector tags. See Resistance measurement

McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Physics. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Ohmmeter

 

a direct-reading instrument for measuring electric true (ohmic) resistances. Among the types of ohmmeter are megohmmeters, teraohmmeters, and microhmmeters, which differ in the ranges of the resistances being measured. Ohmmeters are made with a permanent-magnet measuring head or a permanent-magnet quotient meter.

The operation of a permanent-magnet ohmmeter is based on measurement of the current flowing through the resistance being measured, when the voltage from the source is constant. To measure resistances in the range from several hundred ohms (Ω) to several megohms (MΩ), the meter and the resistance r_x being measured are connected in series. In this case, the current I flowing through the meter and the deflection α of the moving part of the instrument are proportional: I = Cα = U/r_o + r_x); α = U/C(r₀ + r_x), where U is the voltage supplied by the source and r₀ is the resistance of the meter. For small values of r_x (up to several ohms), the meter and r_x are connected in parallel. If U and C are constant, the deflection α depends on r_x; therefore, the scale of the meter can be calibrated in ohms for easier readout. The error of such an ohmmeter is 5–10 percent of the length of the scale used.

An ohmmeter is frequently part of a multimeter, such as the VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter). The bridge method of measurement is used in ohmmeters for work requiring great precision. Electronic amplifiers are used to increase the sensitivity of the meter and to improve measurement accuracy.

Electronic ohmmeters with digital readout of the resistance being measured were introduced in the 1960’s. Some ohmmeters can be connected to computers. The range of measurement of such ohmmeters is 1 mΩ to 100 MΩ or more; the error is 0.01–0.05 percent.

REFERENCES

Shkurin, G. P. Spravochnik po elektro- i elektronnoizmeritel’nym priboram. Moscow, 1972.
Spravochnik po elektroizmeritel’nym priboram. Edited by K. K. Iliunin. Leningrad, 1973.

E. G. BILYK

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

ohmmeter

[′ō‚mēd·ər]

(engineering)

An instrument for measuring electric resistance; scale may be graduated in ohms or megohms.

McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Ohmmeter

A portable instrument for measuring relatively low values of electrical resistance. The range of resistance measured is typically from 0.1 microhm to 1999 ohms (&OHgr;).

The ohmmeter solves quickly and easily a variety of measurement problems, including measuring the resistance of cladding and tracks on printed circuit boards, electrical connectors, and switch and relay contacts, as well as determining the quality of ground-conductor continuity and bonding, cables, bus-bar joints, and welded connector tags. See Resistance measurement

McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Engineering. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.