Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the
os calcis in Saudi women: defining Saudi reference value for the diagnosis of low bone mass.
The mechanism, reduction technique and results in fractures of the
os calcis. Br J Surg 1952; 39:395-419.
On the other side, Knott (in LeDouble) has observed it ending at the
os calcis or flexor hallucis muscle; and Reinhardt has described it originating at the
os calcis and ending at the quadratus plantae muscle.
Essex-Lopresti P 1993 The mechanism, reduction technique, and results in fractures of the
os calcis Clinical Orthopaedics 290 3-16
Apophysitis of the
os calcis. J Bone Joint Surg 1924; 6:91-94.
Posterior heel pain can be caused by pathology of the Achilles tendon, its tendon sheath, the retrocalcaneal and subcutaneous bursae, by osteophytes or stress fracture of the
os calcis, and by rheumatoid or metabolic diseases.
Although the spine and hip are the most common sites to measure, Dr Gallagher noted that DEXA can also be used to measure the radius, metacarpal bones, phalanges, or
os calcis. Furthermore, Dr Gallagher said, "DEXA has good precision, meaning that if you do multiple measurements, you can get within approximately 1.5% to 2.5% of the same measurement, depending on the site."