parasphenoid

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8] Posterior portion of parasphenoid (Costa 2005b) (CI: 0.

Relationships and taxonomy of the killifish genus Rivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae) from the Brazilian Amazonas river basin, with notes on historical ecology

3 times in base of the cranium; cranial spines well developed, directed straightly backward; preocular, postocular, tympanic and parietal spines always present supraocular, corneal and nuchal spines absent; parietal ridges high and naked; frontal ridges low but distinct, the space between them shallowly concave; supraocular edges low or depressed, as high as or lower than the frontal ridges; mesethmoid processes slightly elevated upward; base of cranium some-what curved; parietals separated or partly meeting; ventral process of the basisphenoid well developed, entirely meeting the parasphenoid.

7 times in base of cranium; postocular, tympanic and parietal spines present, directed backward and downward; preocular supraocular, coronal and nuchal spines entirely absent; parietal ridges low but broad; supraocular edges depressed, never higher than the frontal ridges; frontal ridges low, the space between them flattish, never deeply concave; mesethmoid processes directed forward and upward; parietals meeting or narrowly separated; the patch of vomerine teeth triangular; base of cranium straight; ventral process of basisphenoid meeting the parasphenoid.

An historical review of Sebastes Taxonomy and Systematics

Lateral ethmoid closely contacting contralateral structure, not forming articulation with parasphenoid.

Parasphenoid enlarged posteriorly, embedded in basioccipital.

Orbits separated medially by septum attached to parasphenoid.

Otic bulla small, extending ventrolaterally to parasphenoid.

Descriptive anatomy of Iso rhothophilus (Ogilby), with a phylogenetic analysis of Iso and a redefinition of Isonidae (Atheriniformes)

The sacra, parasphenoid, mandible, and femur found in Fissure 1 are identical to those of juvenile Bufo americanus in the MSU Museum collections.

Late Holocene (Little Ice Age Interval) microvertebrates from Mackinac County, Michigan

The bulbous dorsal attachment surfaces, raised lateral edges, and concave occlusal surface indicate that this is a parasphenoid toothplate (Estes 1969a).

Conversely, the Paralbulinae are phyllodont fishes with basibranchial and parasphenoid plates that lack a sigmoid curvature.

SMU 72340 represents the first parasphenoid plate described and figured from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas.

Phyllodont (Paralbulinae) fish toothplates from the Lower Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation of central Texas

A phylogenetic analysis for the Sciaenidae by Sasaki (1989) that used morphological, osteological, and myological evidence concluded that Seriphus is broadly separated from Cynoscion by possessing the following characters: an enlarged and anteriorly located toothplate on the pharyngobranchial 2, the flexor ventralis externus fades into the flexor ventralis, the basiphenoid is separate from the parasphenoid ventrally, a dentary foramen is present, there is a secondary reversal from an enlarged and anteriorly located tooth plate on pharyngobranchial 2, the posterior dorsal fin spines are not exposed, and the soft dorsal and anal fin bases are of equal length.

A new late Miocene species of sciaenid fish, based primarily on an in situ otolith from California

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