A six-legged
paratill was used (to a depth of 40 cm) to alleviate subsoil compaction in all plots.
Therefore, we quantified the effect of tillage (conventional-till, no-till, and
paratill) and residue management systems on runoff and soil loss from a Plinthic Paleudult-Typic Hapludult soil complex.
The problem of undisturbed subsoil in the row middle for double crop, no surface tillage production of winter wheat was successfully addressed with a
paratill with shanks set as opposed pairs and spaced 71 cm apart (Frederick and Bauer, 1996).
The
paratill [R] (Bigham Brothers Inc., Lubbock, Texas) was equipped with six shanks on 61 cm spacings, disrupted soil to about 40 cm, and was equipped with a smooth roller.
Measurements were made at the point of maximum disruption by a
paratill, which disturbed soil to 35 cm to 40 cm depths.
After disking in the spring, the soybean plots having the 19-cm-row width assigned to be deep tilled were deep tilled to a depth of 41 cm (top of B soil horizon) with a four-shanked
ParaTill (Bigham Brothers, Inc., Lubbock, TX).
We were also nor told why the shank spacing and depth of operation with the
paratill and subsoil tillage implement were nor the same.
Treatments were all combinations of surface tillage (disked or no surface tillage), spring deep tillage (deep tilled or no deep tillage before soybean planting), row width culture (production practices for row widths of 76 or 19 cm), and fall deep tillage (deep tilled with a four-shanked
ParaTill prior to wheat planting or no deep tillage).
Deep rip and
paratill tillage treatments were established on an Ultic Argixeroll under a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)/spring pea (Pisum sativum) rotation.
Products: AGCO tractors, loaders; Massey Ferguson tractors, loaders, combines, implements; Hesston hay and forage equip, manure spreaders; White planters, tillage equip; Gleaner combines; Global Technologies by AGCO precision farming system; New Idea hay and forage equip, manure spreaders; Tye conservation and NoTill seeding equip,
paratills; Farmhand loaders, grinders, rotary cutters, estate groomers, Glencoe tillage equip; Fendt tractors; Challenger tractors, combines, hay equip; Sunflower, Willmar, Spra-Coupe, Loral, Ag-Chem sprayers; Valtra Tractors and SISU Diesel Engines
Products: AGCO tractors, loaders; Massey Ferguson tractors, loaders, combines, implements; Hesston hay and forage equip, manure spreaders; White planters, tillage equip; Gleaner combines; Fieldstar precision farming system; New Idea hay and forage equip, manure spreaders; Tye conservation and NoTill seeding equip,
paratills; Farmhand loaders, grinders, rotary cutters, estate groomers, Glencoe tillage equip; Fendt tractors; Challenger tractors, combines, hay equip; Sunflower, Willmar, SpraCoupe, Loral, Ag-Chem sprayers
Paratilled for all residues 19.2 (7.6 in) 7.8 (3.1 in) No-paratilled for all residues 11.0 (4.3 in) 3.2 (1.2 in)
Paratilled minus no-paratilled 8.2 (3.2 in) 4.9 (1.9 in)