prototroch

[′prōd·ə‚träk]

(invertebrate zoology)

The band of cilia characteristic of a trochophore larva.

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The prototroch with a band of fine cilia encircling the head, with the exception of the dorsal part (Fig.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Polydora websteri (Annelida: Spionidae), with Remarks on Relationship of Adult Worms and Larvae using Mitochondrial COI Gene as a Molecular Marker

elegans are free-swimming planktotrophic animals with a ciliated prototroch and metatroch and a collar (Fig.

Expression and localization of carbonic anhydrase genes in the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans

The trochophoredeveloped into diamond-shaped covered by crown of cilia called prototroch at anterior part.

Early development of tropical oyster Crassostreairedalei (Faustino 1932)

The prototroch has abundant, elongated cilia and forms a crown towards the anterior end; granules of dark green vitellus can be observed at the posterior end of the larvae (Fig.

Breeding cycle and early development of the keyhole limpet Fissurella nigra Lesson, 1831

The onset of development is intracapsular, a rapid formation of the locomotory prototroch is no longer necessary, and the free-swimming phase is postponed to later developmental stages.

Cleavage patterns and mesentoblast formation in the Gastropoda: an evolutionary perspective

A non-feeding pilidium with apparent prototroch and telotroch.

Larval development of two N. E. Pacific Pilidiophoran Nemerteans (Heteronemertea; Lineidae)

tenuis appeared to have only simple cilia in the prototrochal ciliary band; among planktotrophic larvae of annelids, simple cilia in the prototroch were previously known only from members of Oweniidae.

Development and larval feeding in the capitellid annelid Notomastus cf. tenuis

Also during gastrulation, the blastopore and pretrochal region were ventrally displaced, situating the blastopore ventrally just below the developing prototroch (Fig.

Complete development of the northeast Pacific arminacean nudibranch Janolus fuscus

like those of all known feeding larvae of gastropods, capture food particles between two "opposed bands" of compound cilia (the prototroch and metatroch) borne on the edge of large velar lobes; particles are then carried to the mouth by short cilia in the gap between the opposed bands, the food groove (Fig.

Evolutionary simplification of velar ciliation in the nonfeeding larvae of periwinkle (Littorina spp.)

Two bands of ciliated cells, the prototroch and metatroch, and an intervening food groove with shorter cilia ran along the periphery of each velar lobe, which also had patches of yellow pigment.

Metamorphic remodeling of a planktotrophic larva to produce the predatory feeding system of a cone snail (Mollusca, Neogastropoda)

Strathmann and Grunbaum (2006) later published a single still image clearly showing prototroch and metatrochal cilia in larvae of S.

Opposed ciliary bands in the feeding larvae of sabellariid annelids

For instance, the accessory trochoblast cells that contribute to the formation of the prototroch in many spiralians (2q derivatives) have been co-opted to form the secondary opposed feeding band ("metatroch") in C.