urophylla (n = 54) Property AD+MFA (b) KS 0.17 TS 0.28 T/R 0.17 CS 0.53 (**) MOE 0.67 (**) MOR 0.61 (**) (a) n = number of samples from 18 trees (three trees x three clones in a hybrid); AD = air-dry density; MFA = microfibril angle of [S.sub.2] layer in wood fibers; RS and TS = radial and tangential shrinkages per 1 percent change in moisture content, respectively; T/R = ratio of tangential shrinkage to
radial shrinkage; CS = compressive strength parallel to grain; MOE = modulus of elasticity; MOR = modulus of rupture; (*), (**) = significantly different at 5 and 1 percent levels, respectively.
It is worth noting that the
radial shrinkage of Mo-Cu composites is always higher than the axial shrinkage.
It also reduces
radial shrinkage, enabling cycle-time reductions in extrusion blow molding and injection molding of some parts.
Notice that equations of strains and stresses for restraint hydrate process of the ring are also able to be used in the case of uniform
radial shrinkage by reforming the constitutive equation for uniform shrinkage:
The molar ratios between the precursors (MR/FA, MR/Cat, W/MR or H/FA, H/Cat, methanol/H) were optimized, taking into account the final density, the preparation time and the
radial shrinkage during drying.
Before and after the drying, the bulk gels were measured and their
radial shrinkage and density were calculated.
Percent
radial shrinkage (given in negative values) was calculated for 10 min time steps by relating the total
radial shrinkage (digital gauge, accuracy 1 [micro]m) to the total coupling pressure decrease.
Even quarter-sawn boards (
radial shrinkage) move significantly across the grain (Figure 8).
wood expands and contracts with changing humidity levels, while mortar does not." White cedar has the lowest coefficient of expansion and contraction ("
radial shrinkage"), at 2.2%, of any of the common woods.
Since it's the
radial shrinkage that is going across the width of the board, quarter-sawn boards also shrink less in width than flat-sawn boards.
Nevertheless, in the nodal area, the bent vascular bundle can enhance the resistance to
radial shrinkage. Razak et al.