shoulder effect

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coastal refraction

$coastal refraction$

Aircraft at A will get erroneous reading while that at B will have no error. Alternatively, A should utilize a beacon located near coast line.

One of the errors in a direction finder resulting from the change in the direction of travel of a radio ground wave as it passes from one medium to another (i.e., from land to sea or from sea to land). Also called land effect, shoreline effect, and shoulder effect. This effect can be minimized by use of coastal beacons, in which the radio beam will leave the coast at 90°, resulting in nil refraction.

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coastal refraction

References in periodicals archive ?

In contrast, removal of the hardness/ shoulder term causes the [R.sup.2] value to decrease to 68.8 percent, which does indicate a strong shoulder effect.

Exploratory study of the moment capacity and semirigid moment-rotation behavior of round mortise and tenon joints

For practical design purposes, this regression expression--which illustrates "shoulder effect"--can be further simplified to the form:

Bending moment capacity of rectangular mortise and tenon furniture joints

The tenons measure 0.6 inches (15.2 ram) in diameter, so the corresponding estimated flexural stress, [s.sub.4], developed in the tenons (independent of shoulder effects) would be

Design and testing of wall cabinet frames constructed with round mortise-and-tenon joints