vitae and the other derived brachauchenines are distinguished from this basal polytomy by the absence of a postorbital-squamosal contact [42.1], the squamosal anterior extension significantly posterior to the postorbital bar [57.1], the parasphenoid terminating just anterior to the basisphenoid-basioccipital contact [84.1], the absence of foramina between the maxilla and the
vomer, anterior to the internal naris [90.0]; four premaxillary teeth [131.0]; teeth with a rounded or sub-rounded cross-section [139.0]; and the presence of 15 or fewer cervical vertebrae [152.0].
(8) Nasal obstruction frequently involves the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the
vomer, and it is traditionally treated with an open surgical procedure in which the mucoperiosteum is elevated and the offending bone is fractured and/or removed.